Vaccinium myrtillus - blueberry

Vaccinium myrtillus, generally known as blueberry or blueberry, belongs to the family of the heather family (Ericaceae). This multi -year plant is native to forests and heath landscapes in Europe, Asia and North America. Due to its delicious fruits, its health advantages and its ecological importance, the blueberry gained in popularity worldwide.

Taxonomy and morphology

Vaccinium myrtillus belongs to the genus Vaccinium, which also includes cranberries and cranberries. The plant is characterized by its dark green, oval leaves and its characteristic blue or black berries. The flowers are bell -shaped and appear in spring in spring. The berries are rich in anthocyans, flavonoids and vitamin C, which not only gives them their color, but also underlines their health benefits.

Ecology and distribution

The blueberry prefers acidic, well -permeable soils and often grows in coniferous forests, pagans and bogs. It can be found in various climate zones, from subarctic regions to moderate forests. Vaccinium myrtillus plays an important role in ecology by offering habitat for insects, birds and other animals. Your berries also serve as a source of food for many animal species.

Cultural meaning and use

The blueberry has achieved considerable cultural importance due to its culinary use and health advantages. The berries are eaten freshly, processed into juice, jam or dessert. Due to their high content of antioxidants, blueberries are also appreciated for their positive effects on health, especially on the immune system and cognitive function. In traditional medicine, blueberry leaves are used for various applications, including the support of urinary tract.

Ecological meaning

The blueberry plays a crucial role in the ecosystem, especially in forests. The plant contributes to biodiversity by offering food from different animals. In addition, your root system contributes to ground stabilization and helps prevent erosion. In some areas, the blueberry is also used to renatatur areas.

Cultivation and harvest

The cultivation of Vaccinium Myrtillus has increased due to the commercial demand for blueberries. The cultivation takes place in special plantations, which are often designed to be natural to preserve the ecological character of the plant. The harvest usually takes place from mid -July to mid -August when the berries are ripe. The private cultivation of blueberries has also gained popularity in recent years because many people want to grow their own berries in the garden or on the balcony. Here are some important aspects that should be taken into account in the private cultivation of blueberries:

1. Location selection:

Blueberries prefer acid floors with a pH between 4.0 and 5.5. A well permeable soil is also important to avoid waterlogging. The location should be sunny to partially shaded in order to create optimal conditions for growth and fruit formation.

2nd selection of varieties:

There are different types of blueberries that differ in size, taste and ripening. In private cultivation, the selection of varieties that are suitable for your own region can promote the success of the cultivation. It is also possible to combine different types to extend the harvest time.

3. Planting:

Blueberries can be planted in spring or autumn. The planting distance between the bushes should be about 1 to 1.5 meters. It is advisable to improve the soil with acid fertilizer before planting and to raise a layer of mulch to maintain the moisture and suppress weeds.

4. Care:

Regular irrigation is crucial, especially during dry periods. Blueberries should be well supplied with water to ensure optimal growth and fruit formation. The use of acid fertilizer, such as special rhododendron or azaline fertilizers, supports the needs of the plant.

5. Protection against birds:

Blueberries are often the goal of birds that the tires like to eat berries. In order to protect the harvest, nets or bird protection networks can be attached over the plants. This is particularly important when the berries are ripe.

6. Harvest:

The harvest time varies depending on the variety and climate. Mature blueberries have an even, dark blue color. It is advisable to harvest regularly to avoid overripe and losses. The berries should be carefully picked by the bushes.

7. Disease prevention:

Blueberries can be susceptible to certain diseases and pests. Good ventilation, adequate planting distance and regular inspections help to prevent diseases or recognize early.