Cupressus atlantica - Moroccan cypress

Cupressus atlantica, also known as an Moroccan cypress, is a rare needle tree from the family of cypress plants (Cupressaceae). This endemic species occurs exclusively in Morocco and is known for its ecological importance and its adaptability in extremely dry conditions. Due to its limited spread and increasing threats from environmental changes, it is considered to be endangered.

Morphology and growth form

Cupressus atlantica is an evergreen tree that can reach a height of 15 to 25 meters. In exceptional cases, it can also be larger, especially in optimal growth conditions. The crown is conical to irregular and becomes wider with increasing age. The bark is gray to reddish-brown and shows deep longitudinal cracks in older specimens.

The needles of Cupressus atlantica are scale -shaped and close to the branches. They are colored blue -green to gray -green, which is an adaptation to the intensive sunlight and dryness of your natural habitat. The needles contain essential oils that can play a role in protecting herbivors and pathogenic fungi.

The cones are spherical to slightly oval and about 2 to 4 centimeters tall. They mature within two years and contain numerous small seeds. The cones often only open under extreme conditions such as fire or drought, which is a feature of adaptation to survival in a fire ecosystem.

Distribution and habitat

The natural spread of Cupressus atlantica is limited to the western slopes of the high atlas in Morocco. It grows there at altitudes of 1,000 to 1,500 meters and is part of a unique ecosystem that is characterized by extreme climatic conditions.

The region in which this cypress appears is characterized by long dry periods, low precipitation and large temperature fluctuations. Cupressus atlantica preferably grows on rocky, calcareous soils that are well permeable. Her ability to reach water in deep soil layers makes it a key plant in these dry habitats.

Ecological meaning

The Moroccan cypress plays an important role in its ecosystem by offering protection and living space for numerous animal species. The trees contribute to stabilizing the floors and prevent erosion in the steep slope of the Atlas Mountains.

In addition, the seeds of Cupressus atlantica a source of food for different birds and rodents that contribute to the spread at the same time. The essential oils in the needles may act as natural insecticides, which contributes to protecting the plant from pests.

Hanging and protective measures

Cupressus atlantica is strongly at risk due to its limited distribution and increasing human activities such as overgrown, wood withdrawal and changes in land use. Climate change is an additional threat, as rising temperatures and reduced rainfall further restrict the natural habitats.

Various initiatives were taken to protect the species, including the establishment of protected areas and the promotion of reforestation projects with native species such as Cupressus atlantica. Scientific studies focus on the genetic diversity of the species to develop strategies to preserve their stocks.

Use

Traditionally, the wood of the Moroccan cypress was used due to its durability and resistance to pests. Today, the use is sustainably restricted in order to maintain the stocks. In landscape design and reforestation projects, the species is estimated due to its resistance to dryness.