Daphne laureola - Spurge laurel

Daphne laureola, also known as spurge laurel, is an evergreen, shrub-like plant that belongs to the family of Thymelaeaceae. This plant is widespread in Europe, especially in the temperate zones, and is known for its toxic properties. Despite her toxicity, Daphne laureola has an important ecological role in her natural habitat and is also cultivated in gardens because of its attractive appearance.

Morphology

Daphne laureola is an evergreen shrub that can reach a height of 0.5 to 1.5 meters. The plant is characterized by its leather -like, lanceolate leaves, which can be up to 12 centimeters long. These leaves are shiny dark green, which gives them a laurel -like appearance and gives the plant its name.

The flowers of Daphne laureola are small, greenish-yellow and appear in tufts in the leaf axils. They bloom early in the year, often from February to May. Although the flowers are inconspicuous, they exude a pleasant fragrance, which becomes more intense, especially in the evening.

After flowering, small, black berries develop that are also toxic. These berries are popular with birds that contribute to the spread of the seeds, even though they are toxic for humans and many other animals.

Ecology and distribution

Daphne laureola is native to the western and southern Europe in large parts of Europe, including western and southern Europe. The plant prefers to thrive in shady, damp forests, often under deciduous trees such as oaks and books. It is adapted to lime -containing soils, but also grows on acid floors.

Daphne laureola is relatively resistant to frost and thrives in a variety of ecological niches, from lowland forests to assembly zones. Their ability to grow in shady and nutrient -poor environments makes it an important part of the undergrowth in many forests.

Toxicology and medical importance

All parts of Daphne laureola are poisonous, especially the bark and the berries that contain Daphnetoxin and Mezerein. These toxic substances can cause severe poisoning if they are taken, which can lead to symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and in severe cases to organ failure. Skin contact with the plant juice can also lead to irritation.

Despite her toxicity, Daphne laureola was occasionally used in folk medicine, especially in the past. Their ingredients were used in the treatment of skin diseases and as a laxative, but the application is risky due to the high toxicity and is no longer recommended today.

Ecological role and preservation

Daphne laureola plays an important role in her natural habitat. The plant offers birds protection and food, especially through its berries, which despite their toxicity for some bird species, such as throttles, represent a source of food. These birds contribute to the spread of seeds and thus support the natural spread of the plant.

Due to its resistance and adaptability, Daphne laureola is not considered endangered in many regions. In some areas, especially outside of its natural distribution area, it can become invasive and displace domestic flora. It is therefore important to monitor their distribution and, if necessary, to contain.