Chaenomeles japonica - Japanese quince

Chaenomeles japonica, generally known as Japanese quince, is a deciduous shrub from the family of rose plants (Rosaceae). The plant is native to Japan and Korea and is appreciated for its attractive flowers and edible fruits. Chaenomeles japonica is often used as an ornamental plant in gardens and parks, but is also known for their robust growth conditions and versatile use. Their striking flowers in early spring and the hard, aromatic fruits make them a popular plant in both decorative and in use.

Morphology

Chaenomeles japonica is a low -growing, dense shrub, which usually reaches a height of 0.5 to 1 meter, sometimes a little higher. The shrub has an expansive growth shape with thorny branches that can reach a width of up to 1.5 meters. The bark of the younger shoots is smooth and greenish-brown, while older branches develop a gray and cracked bark.

The leaves of the Japanese quince are changeable, egg -shaped to elliptical, and about 3 to 5 centimeters long. They are serrated on the edge and have a shiny, dark green surface. In autumn, the leaves often take on a yellowish to reddish color before falling off.

The flowers of Chaenomeles japonica appear in early spring, often before the deciduous shoot. They are bright red, pink or sometimes white and have a diameter of about 3 to 4 centimeters. Each flower consists of five wide petals and numerous stamens, which form a striking dust bag crown in the middle of the flower. The flowers are arranged in short grapes and bloom in great abundance, which gives the shrub an impressive appearance.

After flowering, the plant develops edible, yellowish-green to yellowish-red fruits that resemble small apples in the form. These fruits, which are classified botanically as apple fruits (pomum), have a diameter of 4 to 5 centimeters and are very hard and acidic in taste. They ripen until autumn in late summer and are rich in pectin, which is why they are often used to make jams and jellies.

Distribution and habitat

Chaenomeles japonica comes from Japan and Korea. It can be found there in a variety of habitats, from coastal areas to mountain regions. The plant was also introduced in other parts of the world, especially in Europe and North America, where it is cultivated in gardens and parks.

The Japanese quince prefers sunny to partially shaded locations and thrives in well -permeable, fertile soils. However, it is very adaptable and can also grow in less ideal conditions, including dry or slightly acidic floors. The plant is hardy and can withstand temperatures of up to -25 ° C, which makes it very robust in moderate climates.

Care and culture

Chaenomeles japonica is an easy -care plant that requires little effort to thrive. It should be planted in a sunny location to ensure optimal flower production, although it can also grow in partial shade. The plant needs little water except in very dry periods, and is largely resistant to pests and diseases.

A regular pruning after flowering promotes dense growth and helps to keep the plant in shape. However, the pruning should be carried out carefully so as not to reduce the number of flowers next year, since Chaenomeles japonica blooms on older woods.

Ecological meaning and use

Chaenomeles japonica plays a role as a source of food for a variety of animals in its natural environment. The flowers offer nectar for bees and other polluting insects, while the fruits are eaten by birds in autumn.

In the garden design, the Japanese quince is often used as an ornamental shrub in individual or group plantings. Her dense, thorny structure also makes her a good choice for hedges and windbreak plantings. In addition, the fruits of the plant are too hard and sour to be eaten raw, but are ideal for the preparation of jams, jellies and juices, especially in combination with other fruits.