Rosa Gallica - vinegar rose

Rosa Gallica, also known as vinegar rose or pharmacist rose, belongs to the Rosaceae family. This species is particularly valued because of its historical importance and its use in perfume production and medicine. Rosa Gallica has already been cultivated in ancient times and is one of the oldest known rose species. The genus Rosa comprises about 150 to 200 species that are widespread worldwide in moderate and subtropical zones. Rosa Gallica is native to southern and Central Europe and in West Asia.

Morphological characteristics

Rosa Gallica is a deciduous shrub that can reach a height of 1 to 1.5 meters. The plant has a compact, bushy growth shape with upright, branched drives, which are occupied with a few, mostly straight spines. The leaves are feathered and consist of 3 to 7 elliptical to egg -shaped leaves that have a length of 2 to 6 centimeters. They are dark green on the top and lighter and slightly hairy on the top.

The flowers of Rosa Gallica are medium -sized, with a diameter of 5 to 8 centimeters. They are mostly dark pink to purple and have five petals and numerous golden yellow stamens that form a striking contrast. However, there are also varieties with filled flowers that have more than five petals. The flowering period ranges from June to July, with the flowers exuding a strong, pleasant fragrance. After flowering, spherical to egg-shaped, orange-red rose hips develop, which have a diameter of about 1 to 2 centimeters and contain several seeds.

Ecological claims and distribution

Rosa Gallica prefers sunny to partially shaded locations and thrives best in well -permeable, slightly acidic to neutral soils. The plant is relatively resistant to dryness and can adapt to a variety of soil types, including sandy, loamy and stony floors. It is hardy and can withstand temperatures up to -20 ° C, which makes it suitable for cultivation in moderate climate zones.

The natural distribution of Rosa Gallica extends over southern and Central Europe to West Asia. It typically grows in light forests, on forest edges and on open slopes. Due to its decorative properties and its use in perfume and medical production, it is also cultivated in gardens and parks in other parts of the world.

Cultural and historical meaning

Rosa Gallica has a long history of use in culture and medicine. It was already known in ancient Rome and Greece and was cultivated as a medicinal plant in monastery gardens in the Middle Ages. The petals were used to produce rose oil and rose water that were used in the production of perfume and as a remedy. The plant was also used for the treatment of skin diseases and as mild laxatives.

Pharmacist rose also has symbolic importance in heraldry and literature. It was the coat of arms symbol of the Lancaster house during the Rosenkiegen in the 15th century England.

Horticultural importance

Rosa Gallica is often planted as an ornamental shrub in gardens and parks, often because of its historical meaning and its pleasant fragrance. It is well suited as a solitaire plant or in mixed beds and discounts. The plant is easy to care for and only requires minimal care as soon as it is established. An occasional pruning promotes a thicker growth shape and removes dead or damaged branches.

Care and increase

The care of Rosa Gallica is relatively uncomplicated. The plant should be irrigated during longer dry periods to avoid stress. Regular fertilization with a balanced rose fertilizer supports growth and flower formation. The propagation is mainly carried out by cuttings or lowerers, as these are more reliable methods than sowing. Coats are taken in late spring or early summer and rooted in a damp, well -permeable substrate. The propagation by root cuttings is also possible and is often practiced in professional horticultural companies.