Euphorbia dulcis - Sweet spurge

The sweet spurge (Euphorbia dulcis) is a herbaceous plant from the family of wolf milk plants (Euphorbiaceae), which is native to Europe. It is primarily known for its attractive growth and the interesting biochemistry of its milk juice components. This multi -year plant grows preferably in light forests, on forest edges and on moderately dry, nutrient -rich soils.

Morphology

Euphorbia dulcis typically reaches a height of 20 to 60 cm. Your leaves are changeable, narrow-lanceolate and have a smooth surface with slightly wavy edges. The green to reddish -colored stems are often unexpectedly and, as with all euphorbia, contain a white, latex -like milk juice. The milk juice contains a variety of chemical compounds that serve as defense mechanisms against predators and microorganisms.

The flowers of the plant are in characteristic Cyathia arranged, a typical flower shape for the genus Euphorbia. These small, inconspicuous flowers are surrounded by striking leaves, which are often colored greenish or reddish. The flowering period extends from May to July, and pollination is usually carried out by insects.

Distribution and ecology

The natural distribution of Euphorbia dulcis includes large parts of Europe, from the Pyrenees to the southern regions of Scandinavia and the Balkans. She prefers partially shaded locations with well permeable soil, which makes it a typical representative of the deciduous forests. Their adaptation to locations with changing moisture is particularly striking, which makes it grow in both damp and drier habitats.

Euphorbia dulcis plays an ecological role as a food plant for specific types of insects that are adapted to the milk juice or seeds. The plant is also known for the fact that its seeds are spread through ants (Myrmeco), since the seeds have nutritious elaiosomes, attract the ants.

Toxicology and use

Like many representatives of the Euphorbia genus, Euphorbia dulcis also contains toxic substances, especially Diterpenester, which occur in their milk juice. These substances can cause irritation in the event of skin contact and are potentially poisonous when taking it. Despite its toxicity, Euphorbia dulcis was occasionally used in traditional medicine, for example for the treatment of warts or other skin diseases. Today it is primarily valued as an ornamental plant in natural gardens.

Protection and hazard

Euphorbia dulcis is currently not classified as endangered, but habitat loss by intensifying agriculture and urbanization could affect their stocks in certain regions. The preservation of mixed forests and forest edges is therefore of central importance for their continued existence.

Overall, Euphorbia dulcis is an interesting plant that is remarkable in both ecological and chemical terms. Their adaptability and versatility make you a valuable part of Central European flora.