Carduus defloratus - Alpine thistle

Carduus defloratus, generally known as the alpine thistle, is a multi-year herbaceous plant from the family of the Asteraceae. This plant is widespread in the mountain regions of Europe and is known for its appealing, pink -colored flower heads. It plays an important role in the alpine and subalpine ecosystems and has a remarkable adaptability to rough environmental conditions.

Morphology

Carduus defloratus is a persistent plant that usually reaches a height of 30 to 100 centimeters. The stem is upright, mostly unexpectedly, and densely with rigid, needle -like spines that have a protective function against herbivores. The stem is often hairy, which protects it from intensive sunlight and loss of water.

The leaves of the alpine thistle are elongated to lanceolate and have a teased edge. They are also filled with stinging thorns, especially on the leaf tips and along the leaf veins. The leaves are alternately arranged on the stem and can reach a length of up to 20 centimeters.

The flower heads of Carduus defloratus are usually individually and sit at the ends of the stems. The flower baskets have a diameter of 3 to 5 centimeters and consist of numerous tubular, pink -colored single flowers, which are summarized in a thick, spherical basket. The heyday ranges from June to September. After flowering, small, hairy ohines that are spread through the wind are formed. The cardboard, a tuft of fine hair on the seeds, facilitates the wind spread and contributes to the spread of the species in its habitat.

Distribution and habitat

Carduus defloratus is located in the mountain regions of Central and Southern Europe, including the Alps, Pyrenees and Carpathians. The plant grows preferably on limestone floors that are well permeable, and is often found in mountain meadows, on pastures, on the edges of the path and on stony slopes. It thrives at altitudes between 800 and 2,500 meters, where it is exposed to extreme weather conditions such as strong winds, low temperatures and intensive sunlight.

The alpine thistle plays an important role in the ecosystems in which it appears. Their flowers are an important source of food for various pollinators, including bees, butterflies and hoverflies. The plant also contributes to the stabilization of the soil and prevents erosion in the often steep and unstable mountain regions through its deep root system.

Adjustments and ecological importance

Carduus defloratus has several adjustments that enable it to survive in the rough conditions of her habitat. The thorny leaves and stems not only offer protection against herbivores, but also reduce water loss due to evaporation. The plant can survive dryness well and is resistant to low temperatures, which promotes its survival in alpine and subalpine environments.

The ability of the plant to thrive in nutrient -poor floors makes it an important pioneer in disturbed habitats, such as on alpine pastures that are affected by intensive grazing. It improves the soil quality through the accumulation of organic substance and promotes the settlement of other plant species, which contributes to the increase in biodiversity.

Use and cultural importance

Although Carduus defloratus has no significant economic use, it is occasionally used in folk medicine. Traditionally, parts of the plant were used to treat stomach complaints and as a diuretic means. Her spiky properties and their resistant being have also given it symbolic meaning in some cultures, where it is considered a sign of perseverance and resistance.

In the garden culture the alpine thistle Occasionally application, especially in natural or alpine gardens, where it is valued because of its decorative flowers and its ability to survive in extreme conditions.

Conservation and protection

The stocks of Carduus defloratus are stable in their natural distribution area, although the destruction of habitats through intensive agriculture, tourism and climate change can represent potential threats. The protection of mountain meadows and subalpine habitats is crucial for the preservation of this kind and the diverse communities that depend on it.

In some regions, measures are taken to protect the alpine and subalpine ecosystems in which the alpine thistle occurs. These measures include the limitation of grazing, promoting sustainable land use and protection against development and tourist interventions.