Alnus Glutinosa - Schwarzerle

Alnus Glutinosa, generally known as black aluminum or common alder, is a tree species from the genus Alnus and the family of birch plants (Betulaceae). It is native to Europe, West Asia and North Africa.

Botanical characteristics

The Schwarzerle is a deciduous tree that can reach a height of 15 to 25 meters. The leaves of Alnus glutinosa are egg -shaped to oval and have a slightly sawn edge. They are dark green and shiny on the top, while the underside has a light green color. A characteristic characteristic of this kind is its sticky buds, which give the plant the scientific name "glutinosa" (sticky). The bark is gray to brown and can be cracked in old age.

The flowers of Alnus Glutinosa are unilaterally, which means that there are both male and female flowers. The male flowers are hanging kitten, while the female flowers are small, inconspicuous green cones. The fruits are small, woody cones that mature in autumn and the seeds.

spread

Alnus glutinosa is widespread in Europe and occurs from Scandinavia to the Mediterranean. It prefers damp locations such as banks of rivers, lakes and ponds as well as moist forests and swamps. The Schwarzerle is known for its ability to bind nitrogen out of air and bring it into the ground, which increases soil fertility in its habitats.

Ecological meaning

The Schwarzerle plays an important ecological role in damp habitats. The banks of waters and protect their roots from erosion. The leaves are an important source of food for different types of insects, and the cones offer food for birds and small mammals. In addition, the tree serves as a breeding place for birds such as green spotted.

Alnus glutinosa's ability to bind nitrogen increases nitrogen availability in the soil, which promotes the growth of other plants in the area. This process, known as nitrogen fixation, contributes to biodiversity and the health of wetlands.

Economic use

The Schwarzerle also has economic importance. Your wood is light and resistant to moisture, which is why it is valued in the wood industry for furniture, parquet and plywood. In addition, the bark is used in traditional medicine, and the leaves serve as cattle feed.