Primula veris subsp. veris - Cowslip

The cowslip (Primula veris subsp. veris) is a persistent herbaceous plant from the family of primrose plants (Primulaceae). It is a typical spring flower and a characteristic element of the European meadow flora. Because of its striking flowers and its importance in traditional medicine, it has both ecological and cultural value.

Morphology

Primula veris subsp. veris reaches growth heights of about 10 to 30 cm. The plant forms a basic leaf rosette made of egg-shaped to elliptical leaves. The leaves are wrinkled, softly hairy and have a wavy to serrated leaf edge. You can get up to 15 cm long.

The inflorescences rise on a leafless, hairy stem. They consist of unilaterally inclined, nodding flowers that are arranged in umbels. Each flower is fifties, colored yellow and has orange stains at the base. The flower crown is funnel -shaped and smells pleasant. The heyday ranges from March to May. After flowering, the plant forms capsule fruits that contain numerous fine seeds.

Distribution and habitat

Primula veris subsp. veris is widespread in Europe and occurs from the lowlands to subalpine altitudes. It grows preferably on moderately dry to fresh, nutrient -rich and calcareous soils. Typical habitats are lean grass, dry meadows, pastures, embankments and light forests.

This plant is an indicator of extensive land use, since it does not tolerate competitive conditions, such as those occurring on fertilized or intensively managed areas. Your stocks therefore decrease in intensely used landscapes.

Ecological meaning

The ordinary cowslide is an important spring-bloomer plant and serves pollinators such as bumblebees, bees and butterflies as a source of nectar and pollen. Due to its heterostylene flowers (short -handness and long -grip), it promotes cross pollination and genetic diversity. Their seeds are spread by the wind, occasionally also by ants that use the oil -containing attachment of the seeds.

Use and medicine

Primula veris subsp. veris has a long tradition in folk medicine. The roots and flowers contain saponins, flavonoids and essential oils, which have an effect and anti -inflammatory effect. They were used in cough, bronchitis, migraines and nervous restlessness. The flowers are still used in tea mixtures today.

In addition to medical use, the cowslip is also valued as an ornamental plant. It is cultivated in natural gardens and spring beds, where she sets accents through her fragrance and bright flowers.

Hanging and protection

In some regions of Europe, Primula veris subsp. veris as endangered because their habitats are threatened by intensive agriculture, over -fertilization and development. It is protected in many countries and its removal from nature is prohibited. The preservation of extensively used areas and the promotion of lean grass contributes significantly to the protection of this type.