Melittis melissophyllum - Bastard balm

Melittis melissophyllum, known as the bastard balm, belongs to the family of the lip flower (Lamiaceae). The plant is widespread in large parts of Europe, from southern Europe to Central Europe, and is characterized by its aromatic properties, its decorative flowers and its importance for pollinators. Melittis melissophyllum is a durable, herbaceous plant that often appears in light forests and on forest edges and plays a valuable role in natural ecosystems.

Morphology and growth

Melittis melissophyllum is a persistent, herbaceous plant that reaches growth heights of 30 to 60 centimeters. The plant forms upright, hairy stems, which often easily incorporate on its base. The leaves are arranged in the same way, egg -shaped to lanceolate and reach a length of 4 to 10 cm. They are soft hairy, have a serrated edge structure and exude an aromatic fragrance when touched, which is reminiscent of mint.

The flowers are the most striking characteristic of Melittis melissophyllum. They appear in late spring until early summer and stand in pairs in the upper leaf axils. Each flower is two -lipped, tubular and reaches a length of 3 to 5 cm. The color variations range from pure white to pink and purple tones, often with a contrasting drawing on the lower lip. The flowers are rich in nectar and attract bees, bumblebees and butterflies, which has brought the german plant name "Immenblatt".

Ecology and Habitat

Melittis melissophyllum prefers bright to partially shaded locations in well -permeable, calcareous to slightly acidic soils. It thrives in clear leaf and mixed forests, on forest edges as well as dry grass and embankments. The plant is particularly common in regions with mild climate, but also shows a certain adaptability in cooler conditions.

Ecologically, Melittis melissophyllum is of great importance because it represents an important source of nectar for pollinators. The flowers are specially adapted to long -trunk insects that can reach the nectar. In addition, the plant offers habitat for small insects and contributes to biodiversity in its natural habitats.

Cultivation and care

Melittis melissophyllum is also cultivated in gardens as an ornamental plant because of its decorative flowers and aromatic fragrance. Ideally, planting takes place in spring or autumn in permeable, humus -rich soils. The plant prefers locations in partial shade, but also tolerates full sun if the floor remains sufficiently moist.

The maintenance of the plant is uncomplicated. A layer of mulch protects the roots from drying out and promotes the soil structure. Withered flowers can be removed to stimulate the formation of new buds. Melittis melissophyllum is hardy, but sensitive to waterlogging that should be avoided.

Propagation and breeding

The propagation takes place through seeds or division. Sama can be sown directly into the field in autumn, whereby they often only germinate after a cold period. The division of older plants is possible in spring or autumn and an efficient method to increase the plant in the garden.

Breeders focus on the development of varieties with more intensive flower colors or an extended flowering period. Adaptation to different soil conditions is also a goal of breeding.

Diseases and pests

Melittis melissophyllum is a robust plant that is rarely affected by diseases or pests. Occasionally snails can damage young shoots. A well -permeable location minimizes the risk of root rot.