Larix sibirica - Siberian larch

Larix sibirica, the Siberian larch, is a summer green needle tree from the family of pine plants (Pinaceae). It is widespread in the boreal forests of Siberia and one of the dominant tree species in this region. Due to its extreme adaptability to cold, rough climate conditions, it is considered one of the most resistant tree species in the world. The Siberian larch has not only an ecological meaning, but also an economic and cultural role, especially in the regions in which it is native.

Morphology

The Siberian larch can reach a height of up to 40 meters, with its average height of the growth of around 20 to 30 meters. The trunk is straight and slim with a diameter of up to one meter. The bark is thick, scaly and from a red -brown to gray -brown color, which protects it from frost damage.

The needles are soft, narrow and light green, become yellow and fall off in autumn. This property of summer grows distinguishes it from most other conifers and is an adaptation to the long, hard winter of their homeland. The needles grow in tufts of 20 to 40 pieces of short drives, while they are arranged individually on long -driven.

The cones from Larix sibirica are small, oval to egg -shaped and reach a length of 2 to 4 cm. They contain the winged seeds that are spread by the wind. Sama production begins at the age of around 15 to 20 years, with the tree being able to produce germinable seeds for centuries.

Distribution and habitat

The Siberian larch is located in the Boreal zone of Eurasia, especially in Siberia, the Urals and parts of Mongolia. It grows at altitudes from sea level level to about 3,000 meters. Their resistance to extremely cold temperatures that can reach up to -60 ° C makes it one of the most important tree species in the Taiga.

The tree prefers well -permeable, sandy or stony floors and grows in moor areas and at dry locations. It is often the only tree species that can thrive in permafrost regions because its roots use the top layer of soil in the summer months.

Ecological meaning

Larix sibirica plays a central role in the Taiga ecosystems. It offers habitat for a variety of animals, including birds, mammals and insects. It also contributes to stabilizing floors and prevents erosion in the sensitive permafrost regions. The summer green needles reduce the snow load on the branches and thus minimize breakage damage in winter.

The tree is also a significant carbon store and contributes to regulating the global climate. His ability to survive under extreme conditions makes him a valuable model organism for studies on climate adaptation.

Economic and cultural use

The wood of the Siberian larch is known for its hardness, durability and resistance to moisture and putrefaction. It is used in the construction industry, in hydraulic engineering, for railway sleepers and as firewood. The resins of the larch are used in the chemical industry, while the bark was used for tuning and for medical purposes earlier.

In traditional Siberian culture, larch has a special symbolic meaning. It is viewed as a tree of life that embodies strength and durability. Your needles and cones are used in folk medicine to treat colds and other complaints.